What does a receptacle-mounted ground fault circuit interrupter protect against?

A receptacle-mounted ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is specifically designed to protect against current flow to ground. This device monitors the current flowing through the circuit and compares the incoming current to the outgoing current. If it detects an imbalance – indicating that current is leaking to the ground – it quickly shuts off the circuit. This rapid disconnection is crucial for preventing electrical shocks, particularly in areas where water is present, such as kitchens and bathrooms.

The focus of a GFCI is on safety regarding electrical shock hazards caused by ground faults, making it an essential component in safely using electrical devices and appliances in moist environments. The other options refer to electrical issues like overloads and shorts, which are protected against by different devices such as fuses, circuit breakers, or overcurrent protection devices rather than a GFCI.